III. BIOLOGY TOPICS

 

  1. Inquiry, Reflection, and Social Implication
  2. Organization and Development of Living Systems
  3. Interdependence of Living Systems and Environment
  4. Genetics
  5. Evolution and Biodiversity

 

Additional Sites for Biology

  1. Teaching Units / Lesson Plans
  2. Student Activities / Projects / Interactive Sites
  3. Information / Facts / Data / Reports
  4. Videos / Movies / Animations 
  5. Photographs / Slides / Diagrams / Graphics
  6. Periodicals / Journals / Newspapers
  7. Searches / Explorations / Projects / Investigations
  8. Life Science Topics for Teachers

 

B3. Interdependence of Living Systems and Environment

High School

a. L3.p1 Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems (prerequisite)
Organisms of one species form a population. Populations of different organisms interact and form communities. Living communities and the nonliving factors that interact with them form ecosystems. (prerequisite)

  1. America's Wetlands
    Welcome to "America's Wetlands." This site will give you a better understanding of the rich variety of wetlands, their importance, how they are threatened, and what can be done to conserve them for future generations.
  2. Blue Planet Biomes
    Good site that covers each of the Earth's biomes.  Supplies facts about our planet, its complex patterns of biomes, plants, and animals, and how climates ultimately determine the biomes of our Earth.  Easy to use and understand, good for all grade levels.
  3. Changes in Biological Energy
    This site explores energy flow in an ecosystem and will help students learn how the energy found in food and other fuel sources helps keep things moving on earth. In addition, students will experience how the energy is changed between various forms on earth!
  4. EPA Report-Lake Michigan
    This is a scientific report that gives information on Lake Michigan; threats, status, species, and plan for the future.
  5. Examining the Effects of Pollution on Ecosystems
    This is an activity plan, which involves students analyzing and researching the effects of hazardous wastes on the ecosystem. This site provides many open-ended questions to prompt students to think about the many ways the ecosystem is affected due to hazardous pollution. You will need to run the related links to complete the activity, because this site is the lesson, not something the students can read and then conduct. Materials need to be printed before you do this activity.
  6. Great Lakes Atlas
    This environmental atlas and resource book is an excellent resource on the Great Lakes, including physical characteristics, natural processes (ecosystems), people, concerns, joint management, and new direction.
  7. Great Lakes Information Network
    Explore the Great Lakes and their connecting channels and discover all aspects of the region's natural components, including air, water, land, plants, and animals. Also learn about human impacts on the environment and interrelated nature of the Great Lakes ecosystem.
  8. Population Connection
    This site explores issues related to the impacts of human population growth. It provides up-to-date facts, current legislation, how to take action, popular news stories, and more.
  9. Salt Marshes Field Trip
    This site presents a virtual field trip to a salt marsh.  Complete with lesson plans, activity guides and more.
  10. The International Wolf Center
    This site presents information concerning various wolf recovery and reintroduction programs. Information about intraspecies relationships within wolf populations are documented. The effects of human activities are also explained. This site contains general information.

b. L3.p2 Relationships Among Organisms (prerequisite)
Two types of organisms may interact with one another in several ways; they may be in a producer/consumer, predator/prey, or parasite/host relationship. Or one organism may scavenge or decompose another. Relationships may be competitive or mutually beneficial. Some species have become so adapted to each other that neither could survive without the other. (prerequisite)

  1. American Lyme Disease Foundation
    An informational page about the deer tick and its life cycle.  This site by the ALDF has concise text and excellent images.
  2. CDC - Division of Parasitic Diseases
    The center for disease control's parasite database has extensive information on nearly all animals that cause human disease.  The information is exhaustive and very detailed.  The site sorts the database by different criteria and offers sugestions for infection prevention.  The database has no parasite images.
  3. Diseases, Selected Prevention and Program Areas
    This site lists every possible human disease and has a link to the sites which offer prevention information.
  4. DPDx - Parasite Image Library
    This is the Center for Disease Control, Division of Parasitic Diseases' identification and diagnosis image library.  The site is organized alphabetically and houses many good images of common (and not so common) parasites.
  5. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Second Edition
    This site offers a list of diseases and disorders and links to find out information to screen for them.
  6. Molecular Biology of an HIV Infection
    Great animation of HIV infection and replication within a host cell.  Very informative and easy to understand.  This site also address's the question of "Can you get AIDS from a mosquito bite? " with animations and interactive tutorials.
  7. Parasites and Health
    This is the Center for Disease Control, Division of Parasitic Diseases' identification and diagnosis site.  The site is organized by the region of the body a parasite inhabits.  The site includes well written discription of the parasite's life cycle, sympotms of infestation, and other facts about the parasite.  Many of the entries include excellent diagrams of the parasite's life cycle.

c. L3.p3 Factors Influencing Ecosystems (prerequisite)
The number of organisms and populations an ecosystem can support depends on the biotic resources available and abiotic factors, such as quantity of light and water, range of temperatures, and soil composition. (prerequisite)

  1. Biodiversity 911
    This is a site that talks about how ecosystems effect everything.
  2. Biodiversity 911 Fun and Games
    These are games that talk about our impact on the ecosystem.
  3. Hogs and Chickens and More
    University website that has many interesting activities and facts about ecology. Animations, graphs, and figures are included.
  4. MBGnet New
    This website has links to all the major biomes on earth. Each biome is described in terms of temperature, climate, location, organisms and threats.
  5. Mount St. Helens
    Outstanding -This site allows for an exploration of Mount St. Helens. There are sections which show Mt. St. Helen before, during and after the eruption. Information on succession of plant and animal life as well as photographs are provided. Lesson plans are available.
  6. Surviving the Dust Bowl
    Here's a different twist to teaching how an ecosystem responds to changes, such as agriculture practices. This site offers excellent suggestions to use before and after the movie and could be used as a cross-curricular theme.

d. L3.p4 Human Impact on Ecosystems (prerequisite)
All organisms cause changes in their environments. Some of these changes are detrimental, whereas others are beneficial. (prerequisite)

  1. GLOBE Landcover Investigation
    GLOBE (Gobal Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment) is an international program where your students can join students from around the world in monitoring their local environment. Students can then submit their findings to a growing database on the Internet. Scientists and other students can access the data for research about the global environment. In this activity, GLOBE students will be mapping land cover and providing ground observations which will advance their own understanding of the landscape around them as well as the research of Earth system scientists. This mapping involves distinguishing the types, or classes, of cover on the surface. The protocols for the activities are described, although to become an official GLOBE site, teachers must also attend an official GLOBE training session. Information on training sessions can be obtained on the GLOBE site: http://www.globe.gov/
  2. Harvest of Fear, Nova/ Frontline
    This site contains information to allow for purchase of "Harvest of Fear," a FRONTLINE and NOVA two-hour report. The video explores the debate over genetically-modified (gm) food crops through interviews with scientists, farmers, biotech and food industry representatives, government regulators, and critics of biotechnology. The video debates both sides of the issue, exploring the risks and benefits, the hopes and fears, of this new technology. If you choose not to purchase the video, the site can be used for purposes of classroom debate, providing links to articles for and against gm food-crops
  3. Web of Life Game
    This site presents an interactive food web game.  Studens are asked to link together species in one of three ecosystems.
  4. OLogy: Going, Going... Gone?
    This site explores species extinction and the causes of extinction and what people can do to help.
  5. Ology: Saving Species
    Stories of real scientists studying the human impact on ecosystems.
  6. Rainforest, Diversity and Destruction
    This report is about many aspects of the rainforest: what rainforests are, a brief summary of the importanaces of the rainforests, a description of the destruction of the rainforest, and an informative section about how an average person can help to save the rainforest. This site has persistant pop-up advertisements.
  7. The Disappearing Aral Sea
    In this animation, satellite images show how water diverted from the Aral Sea for agriculture has caused the land-locked lake to shrink considerably over a short period of time.
  8. What Is Your Ecological Footprint?
    Outstanding
    This site contains an ecological footprint quiz that estimates the amoudn of land and ocean area required to sustain your consumption patterns and absorb your wastes on an annual basis. After answering 27 easy questions you'll be able to compare your ecological footprint to others' and learn how to reduce your impact on the Earth.
  9. What Happens When an Oil Spill Occurs?
    The images in this interactive activity show major oil spills and the techniques and equipment used to limit damage to coastal and other affected environments. Simulations reveal how the effects of an oil spill are influenced by variables such as the nature of the coastline, weather, and the type of oil spilled.

e. B3.1 Photosynthesis and Respiration
Organisms acquire their energy directly or indirectly from sunlight. Plants capture the Sun’s energy and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water to sugar and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. Through the process of cellular respiration, animals are able to release the energy stored in the molecules produced by plants and use it for cellular processes, producing carbon dioxide and water.

  1. Prentice Hall
    This site offers interactive applets dealing with Photosynthesis. A 25 question quiz is also provided.
  2. Science-class.net
    This site is a teacher resource for lectures, and acivities related to plants. Also there are links to interactive activities for the students.

f. B3.2 Ecosystems
The chemical elements that make up the molecules of living things pass through food webs and are combined and recombined in different ways. At each link in an ecosystem, some energy is stored in newly made structures, but much is dissipated into the environment as heat. Continual input of energy from sunlight keeps the process going.

  1. Ecosystems
    Have you ever heard the word, ecosystem? Also called biomes, these regions of land make up the Earth's surface. All of the Earth's surface, with the exception of the ice in Antarctica and Greenland, fits into one of these ecosystems. But what is an ecosystem?
  2. Ecosystems of Our World
    Ecosystems are dynamic interactions between plants, animals, and microorganisms and their environment working together as a functional unit. This site covers everything you need to know about biomes and ecosystems.
  3. Forest After Fire Succession Animation
    This is an animation showing how a forest can recover after a fire. It is a good example of succession.
  4. Neighborhoods
    Ecosystems vary in size. They can be as small as a puddle or as large as the Earth itself. Any group of living and nonliving things interacting with each other can be considered as an ecosystem. This site has lots of links to information on ecosystems.
  5. Primary vs. Secondary Succession Animation
    This is an animation compares primary with secondary succession in a forest ecosystem.
  6. Succession Animation
    Outstanding
    This is an animation showing a type of succession that can occur in a forested ecosystem.
  7. Temperate Forest Succession Animation
    This is another animation showing how a forest can recover after a fire. It includes text explaining each transition.

g. B3.3 Element Recombination
As matter cycles and energy flows through different levels of organization of living systems—cells, organs, organisms, and communities—and between living systems and the physical environment, chemical elements are recombined in different ways. Each recombination results in storage and dissipation of energy into the environment as heat. Matter and energy are conserved in each change.

  1. Activity 15 Teacher Guide: What is the Carbon Cycle
    This lesson was developed as part of the LEARN project from 1991 aimed at improving atmosphere education at the middle school level.  This lesson corresponds very well with the high school benchmark of nutient cycles.  The page begins with some basic information on the carbon cycle accompanied by some excellent images.  Then, the site presents a basic lesson on the carbon cycle.
  2. BioGeoChemical Cycles
    Outstanding - This web site includes text and various diagrams to describe four biogeochemical cycles that operate in nature.
  3. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
    Nice site that covers the major biogeochemical cycles on Earth.  Good diagrams for the water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur cycles with explanations and facts for each.
  4. Carbon Trip
    This page is a very simple, creative writing based lesson on the carbon cycle.  Although written for the carbon cycle, this lesson could be applied to any nutrient cycle.
  5. CDIAC Global Change Data
    This is a database of information on global atmospheric changes. Examples of the databases include carbon cycle, carbon monoxide, aerosols, methane, greenhouse gases, etc.
  6. EO Library: The Carbon Cycle
    This entry in NASA's Earth Observation library provides a lot of great information on the carbon cycle.  Useful for students doing research, teachers that need a refresher, or in class presentations.  The entry covers Biological/Physical Carbon Cycle: Photosynthesis and Respiration, Carbon on the Land and in the Oceans: The modern carbon cycle, The Human Role, NASA Missions to Study the Global Carbon Cycle and Climate, and lists its resources.
  7. Lesson 1 Nitrogen Cycling
    This lesson centers around a class role-play of the nitrogen cycle.  The site includes all needed materials and links to background information.
  8. The Global Carbon Cycle
    "The global carbon cycle," is an introductory lesson.  It involves identifying carbon reservoirs and the movement of carbon between them.  Students work in groups to create a poster diagraming a simple carbon cycle then answer questions.

h. B3.4 Changes in Ecosystems
Although the interrelationships and interdependence of organisms may generate biological communities in ecosystems that are stable for hundreds or thousands of years, ecosystems always change when climate changes or when one or more new species appear as a result of migration or local evolution. The impact of the human species has major consequences for other species.

  1. 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species
    Welcome to "One Hundred of the World’s Worst Invasive Alien Species", funded by La Fondation TOTAL, and part of the Global Invasive Species Database. Species were selected for the list according to two criteria: their serious impact on biological diversity and/or human activities, and their illustration of important issues surrounding biological invasion.
  2. Causes and Consequences of Global Warming
    This site is from Wikipedia, but it is still a good resource and description of the causes and consequences of global warming. Check out the references section for more websites.
  3. Forest After Fire Succession Animation
    This is an animation showing how a forest can recover after a fire. It is a good example of succession.
  4. Ology: Saving Species
    Stories of real scientists studying the human impact on ecosystems.
  5. Primary vs. Secondary Succession Animation
    This is an animation compares primary with secondary succession in a forest ecosystem.
  6. Rainforest, Diversity and Destruction
    This report is about many aspects of the rainforest: what rainforests are, a brief summary of the importanaces of the rainforests, a description of the destruction of the rainforest, and an informative section about how an average person can help to save the rainforest. This site has persistant pop-up advertisements.
  7. Succession Animation
    Outstanding
    This is an animation showing a type of succession that can occur in a forested ecosystem.
  8. Temperate Forest Succession Animation
    This is another animation showing how a forest can recover after a fire. It includes text explaining each transition.
  9. The Biodiversity Dilema New
    This is a database/web activity in which students study the Scrub Jay of Flordia. They will read the article, investigate and record from the database and then write a field journal entry on the bird.

i. B3.4x Human Impact
Humans can have tremendous impact on the environment. Sometimes their impact is beneficial, and sometimes it is detrimental.

  1. DEQ, Geology in Michigan
    Presentations, classroom materials, and maps of Michigan's geology past and present. Once in this site make sure to go to the "For students and Teachers" link which contains games, lessons, diagrams, pictures, and multimedia.
  2. EPA-Office of Solid Waste-Reusable News
    This site has a list of Newsletters and Bulletins about waste, waste reduction, greenhouse gases and federal, state, and local efforts at recycling. They are PDF files. There is an Acrobat Reader download on the site if you don't have it. This enables you to read the PDF files.
  3. Garbage, How can my community reduce waste?
    This interactive site allows students to apply their knowledge of recycling in reducing wastes. The site shows costs involved to recycle and the benefits.
  4. GLOBE Landcover Investigation
    GLOBE (Gobal Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment) is an international program where your students can join students from around the world in monitoring their local environment. Students can then submit their findings to a growing database on the Internet. Scientists and other students can access the data for research about the global environment. In this activity, GLOBE students will be mapping land cover and providing ground observations which will advance their own understanding of the landscape around them as well as the research of Earth system scientists. This mapping involves distinguishing the types, or classes, of cover on the surface. The protocols for the activities are described, although to become an official GLOBE site, teachers must also attend an official GLOBE training session. Information on training sessions can be obtained on the GLOBE site: http://www.globe.gov/
  5. Make Your Own Recycled Paper
    Background is given on how paper is made and then instructions are given on how students can recycle newspaper to make their own paper.
  6. Michigan Recycling Coalition
    An overview of recycling information that is available in Michigan. Lists local recycling sites and reasons to recycle.
  7. Ology: Saving Species
    Stories of real scientists studying the human impact on ecosystems.
  8. Regents Prep Earth Science
    This site has a variety of Earth Science resources appropriate for use by students and teachers.
  9. USGS - Geosphere
    Includes information about volcanoes, earthquakes, and plate tectonics. Includes activities, models, and much, much more.

j. B3.5 Populations
Populations of living things increase and decrease in size as they interact with other populations and with the environment. The rate of change is dependent upon relative birth and death rates.

  1. Biology Corner-Population Data New
    This webpage contains data to interpret ecological population data. It could be printed as a worksheet or done in class on an overhead.
  2. DEPweb-Population Growth New
    This website explains population growth rate. The student has to read through the webpages and then answer questions at the end.
  3. Estimating Population Size New
    This webpage contains the lab instructions to perform in biology for population size. Printable worksheets are included.
  4. Fundamentals of Populations and Population Growth
    This site has a population computer model with oak trees, squirrels, and Hawks. It allows the user to determine starting populations, nutrients and water supply.
  5. Human Population Clock in Real Time
    This site shows the world population increasing in real time. Also you can go to any date in the past or future to see that date's historical or projected population.
  6. Lesson of the Kaibab New
    This website is the lab instructions for investigating and graphing the Kaibab deer population in Arizona, how the population changes over time and the carrying capacity of the ecosystem.
  7. Presentations on Aspects of Population Growth
    This site offers suggestions for topics for student presentations on the effects of population growth and factors that affect growth.
  8. Random Sampling New
    This webpage describes a lab exercise for population sampling. It can be downloaded and printed for use in your classroom.

k. B3.5x Environmental Factors
The shape of population growth curves vary with the type of organism and environmental conditions, such as availability of nutrients and space. As the population increases and resources become more scarce, the population usually stabilizes at the carrying capacity of that environment.

  1. Fundamentals of Populations and Population Growth
    This site has a population computer model with oak trees, squirrels, and Hawks. It allows the user to determine starting populations, nutrients and water supply.
  2. Presentations on Aspects of Population Growth
    This site offers suggestions for topics for student presentations on the effects of population growth and factors that affect growth.

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